湖南长沙翻译公司李老师认为，人类医学发展到今天，主要形成了医学翻译的领域，医学翻译主要指中医学翻译、西医学翻译、藏医学翻译等等，但随着医学翻译领域的不断发展，又形成了中西医学结合翻译。

 

新语丝北京翻译公司李老师说，医学翻译是在处理人健康的定义中的一种科学，翻译的目的是为了提高中西医生的交流，更好的做到中西医相结合的。

 

医学翻译领域研究大方向包括基础医学翻译、临床医学翻译、法医学翻译、检验医学翻译、预防医学翻译、保健医学翻译、康复医学翻译等。

 牛血清的生产

 

（一）牛血清生产单位必须经工商登记注册、具有独立法人资格，必须具有与牛血清规模化生产相适应的生产车间、设备。

 

（二）生产负责人及生产者必须具有相适应的专业知识，并经培训考核合格方可上岗。

 

（三）应有相对稳定的牛源材料来源；并与相应的供牛单位签定有法律效应的协议；协议内容应包括详细的牛群免疫接种情况、流行病的监测内容。不得使用疫区或近期有传染病流行地区来源的牛材料（如口蹄疫、结核、布氏、疯牛病疫区等）。

 

（四）生产用水及其他材料应符合《中国药典》及《中国生物制品生产用主要原辅材料质控标准》或相应标准的要求。

 

（五）应具有稳定的批量生产工艺；工艺流程中至少应有一次0．1um的过滤。灌装工艺应在百级净化区进行。

 

（六）直接接触血清的器具应进行灭菌及去热原处理。

 

（七）应建立系统的生产质量管理体系，包括批生产记录及生产工艺的操作细则。

 

（八）不得混用非牛源血清材料用于生产；产品中不得添加防腐剂或抗生素等。

 

Production of bovine serum

 

(1) The manufacturer of bovine serum should be an independent legal entity registered at the industrial and commercial department, and possess the production shop and equipment appropriate for the large-scale production of bovine serum.

 

(2) The production manager and the staff of the manufacturer should have professional knowledge, and have received training and passed the quality examination before taking their positions.

 

(3) There should be stable source of bovine source materials. A legal agreement should be signed with the bovine supplier, the content of which should include detailed information about the immunization status of the herd of cattle and epidemic monitoring. The bovine materials from epidemic area of infectious diseases (such as foot and mouth disease, tuberculosis, bovine brucellosis, mad cow disease, etc.) should not be used.

 

(4) The water and other materials used for production should meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Chinese Quality Control Standard for the Main Raw and Auxiliary Materials for Biological Product Production and other relevant standards.

 

(5) Stable batch production techniques should be used, and at least one step of 0.1 μm filtration is included in the technical process. The filling process should be carried out in hundred-grade cleaning region.

 

(6) Sterilization and pyrogen-eliminating treatment should be performed on the appliance in direct contact of serum.

 

(7) Systemic production quality management system should be established, including batch production record and the operational regulations for production process.

 

(8) Non-bovine source serum materials should not be used for production, and preservatives or antibiotics should not be added into the product.

 

 

 

 

湖南长沙翻译公司编辑医学翻译文章